Neals Yard, Covent Garden, London

October 23, 2020 by 4g3nd4

Covent Garden (/ˈkɒvənt/) is a district in London on the eastern fringes of the West End, between St. Martin’s Lane and Drury Lane. It is associated with the former fruit and vegetable market in the central square, now a popular shopping and tourist site, and the Royal Opera House, which is also known as "Covent Garden". The district is divided by the main thoroughfare of Long Acre, north of which is given over to independent shops centred on Neal’s Yard and Seven Dials, while the south contains the central square with its street performers and most of the elegant buildings, theatres and entertainment facilities, including the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and the London Transport Museum.

Though mainly fields until the 16th century, the area was briefly settled when it became the heart of the Anglo-Saxon trading town of Lundenwic. After the town was abandoned, part of the area was walled off by 1200 for use as arable land and orchards by Westminster Abbey, and was referred to as "the garden of the Abbey and Convent". The land, now called "the Covent Garden", was seized by Henry VIII, and granted to the Earls of Bedford in 1552. The 4th Earl commissioned Inigo Jones to build some fine houses to attract wealthy tenants. Jones designed the Italianate arcaded square along with the church of St Paul’s. The design of the square was new to London, and had a significant influence on modern town planning, acting as the prototype for the laying-out of new estates as London grew. A small open-air fruit and vegetable market had developed on the south side of the fashionable square by 1654. Gradually, both the market and the surrounding area fell into disrepute, as taverns, theatres, coffee-houses and brothels opened up; the gentry moved away, and rakes, wits and playwrights moved in. By the 18th century it had become a well-known red-light district, attracting notable prostitutes. An Act of Parliament was drawn up to control the area, and Charles Fowler’s neo-classical building was erected in 1830 to cover and help organise the market. The area declined as a pleasure-ground as the market grew and further buildings were added: the Floral Hall, Charter Market, and in 1904 the Jubilee Market. By the end of the 1960s traffic congestion was causing problems, and in 1974 the market relocated to the New Covent Garden Market about three miles (5 km) south-west at Nine Elms. The central building re-opened as a shopping centre in 1980, and is now a tourist location containing cafes, pubs, small shops, and a craft market called the Apple Market, along with another market held in the Jubilee Hall.

Covent Garden, with the postcode WC2, falls within the London boroughs of Westminster and Camden, and the parliamentary constituencies of Cities of London and Westminster and Holborn and St Pancras. The area has been served by the Piccadilly line at Covent Garden tube station since 1907; the journey from Leicester Square, at 300 yards, is the shortest in London.

Early history

The route of the Strand on the southern boundary of what was to become Covent Garden was used during the Roman period as part of a route to Silchester, known as "Iter VII" on the Antonine Itinerary. Excavations in 2006 at St Martin-in-the-Fields revealed a Roman grave, suggesting the site had sacred significance. The area to the north of the Strand was long thought to have remained as unsettled fields until the 16th century, but theories by Alan Vince and Martin Biddle that there had been an Anglo-Saxon settlement to the west of the old Roman town of Londinium were borne out by excavations in 1985 and 2005. These revealed Covent Garden as the centre of a trading town called Lundenwic, developed around 600 AD, which stretched from Trafalgar Square to Aldwych. Alfred the Great gradually shifted the settlement into the old Roman town of Londinium from around 886 AD onwards, leaving no mark of the old town, and the site returned to fields.

Around 1200 the first mention of an abbey garden appears in a document mentioning a walled garden owned by the Benedictine monks of the Abbey of St. Peter, Westminster. A later document, dated between 1250 and 1283, refers to "the garden of the Abbot and Convent of Westminster". By the 13th century this had become a 40-acre (16 ha) quadrangle of mixed orchard, meadow, pasture and arable land, lying between modern-day St. Martin’s Lane and Drury Lane, and Floral Street and Maiden Lane. The use of the name "Covent"—an Anglo-French term for a religious community, equivalent to "monastery" or "convent" —appears in a document in 1515, when the Abbey, which had been letting out parcels of land along the north side of the Strand for inns and market gardens, granted a lease of the walled garden, referring to it as "a garden called Covent Garden". This is how it was recorded from then on.

The Bedford Estate (1552–1918)

After the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1540, Henry VIII took for himself the land belonging to Westminster Abbey, including the convent garden and seven acres to the north called Long Acre; and in 1552 his son, Edward VI, granted it to John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford. The Russell family, who in 1694 were advanced in their peerage from Earl to Duke of Bedford, held the land from 1552 to 1918.

Russell had Bedford House and garden built on part of the land, with an entrance on the Strand, the large garden stretching back along the south side of the old walled-off convent garden. Apart from this, and allowing several poor-quality tenements to be erected, the Russells did little with the land until the 4th Earl of Bedford, Francis Russell, an active and ambitious businessman, commissioned Inigo Jones in 1630 to design and build a church and three terraces of fine houses around a large square or piazza. The commission had been prompted by Charles I taking offence at the condition of the road and houses along Long Acre, which were the responsibility of Russell and Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth. Russell and Carey complained that under the 1625 Proclamation concerning Buildings, which restricted building in and around London, they could not build new houses; the King then granted Russell, for a fee of £2,000, a licence to build as many new houses on his land as he "shall thinke fitt and convenient". The church of St Paul’s was the first building, begun in July 1631 on the western side of the square. The last house was completed in 1637.

The houses initially attracted the wealthy, though when a market developed on the south side of the square around 1654, the aristocracy moved out and coffee houses, taverns, and prostitutes moved in. The Bedford Estate was expanded in 1669 to include Bloomsbury, when Lord Russell married Lady Rachel Vaughan, one of the daughters of the 4th Earl of Southampton.

By the 18th century, Covent Garden had become a well-known red-light district, attracting notable prostitutes such as Betty Careless and Jane Douglas. Descriptions of the prostitutes and where to find them were provided by Harris’s List of Covent Garden Ladies, the "essential guide and accessory for any serious gentleman of pleasure". In 1830 a market hall was built to provide a more permanent trading centre. In 1913, Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford agreed to sell the Covent Garden Estate for £2 million to the MP and land speculator Harry Mallaby-Deeley, who sold his option in 1918 to the Beecham family for £250,000.

Modern changes

Charles Fowler’s 1830 neo-classical building restored as a retail market.
The Covent Garden Estate was part of Beecham Estates and Pills Limited from 1924 to 1928, after which time it was managed by a successor company called Covent Garden Properties Company Limited, owned by the Beechams and other private investors. This new company sold some properties at Covent Garden, while becoming active in property investment in other parts of London. In 1962 the bulk of the remaining properties in the Covent Garden area, including the market, were sold to the newly established government-owned Covent Garden Authority for £3,925,000.

By the end of the 1960s, traffic congestion had reached such a level that the use of the square as a modern wholesale distribution market was becoming unsustainable, and significant redevelopment was planned. Following a public outcry, buildings around the square were protected in 1973, preventing redevelopment. The following year the market moved to a new site in south-west London. The square languished until its central building re-opened as a shopping centre in 1980. An action plan was drawn up by Westminster Council in 2004 in consultation with residents and businesses to improve the area while retaining its historic character. The market buildings, along with several other properties in Covent Garden, were bought by a property company in 2006.

Geography

Historically, the Bedford Estate defined the boundary of Covent Garden, with Drury Lane to the east, the Strand to the south, St. Martin’s Lane to the west, and Long Acre to the north. However, over time the area has expanded northwards past Long Acre to High Holborn, and since 1971, with the creation of the Covent Garden Conservation Area which incorporated part of the area between St Martins Lane and Charring Cross Road, the Western boundary is sometimes considered to be Charring Cross Road. Shelton Street, running parallel to the north of Long Acre, marks the London borough boundary between Camden and Westminster. Long Acre is the main thoroughfare, running north-east from St Martin’s Lane to Drury Lane.

The area to the south of Long Acre contains the Royal Opera House, the market and central square, and most of the elegant buildings, theatres and entertainment facilities, including the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and the London Transport Museum; while the area to the north of Long Acre is largely given over to independent retail units centred on Neal Street, Neal’s Yard and Seven Dials; though this area also contains residential buildings such as Odhams Walk, built in 1981 on the site of the Odhams print works, and is home to over 6,000 residents.

Governance
The Covent Garden estate was originally under the control of Westminster Abbey and lay in the parish of St Margaret. During a reorganisation in 1542 it was transferred to St Martin in the Fields, and then in 1645 a new parish was created, splitting governance of the estate between the parishes of St Paul Covent Garden and St Martin, both still within the Liberty of Westminster. St Paul Covent Garden was completely surrounded by the parish of St Martin in the Fields. It was grouped into the Strand District in 1855 when it came within the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works.

In 1889 the parish became part of the County of London and in 1900 it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1922. Since 1965 Covent Garden falls within the London boroughs of Westminster and Camden, and is in the Parliamentary constituencies of Cities of London and Westminster and Holborn and St Pancras. For local council elections it falls within the St James’s ward for Westminster, and the Holborn and Covent Garden ward for Camden.

Economy

The area’s historic association with the retail and entertainment economy continues. In 1979, Covent Garden Market reopened as a retail centre; in 2010, the largest Apple Store in the world opened in The Piazza. The central hall has shops, cafes and bars alongside the Apple Market stalls selling antiques, jewellery, clothing and gifts; there are additional casual stalls in the Jubilee Hall Market on the south side of the square. Long Acre has a range of clothes shops and boutiques, and Neal Street is noted for its large number of shoe shops. London Transport Museum and the side entrance to the Royal Opera House box office and other facilities are also located on the square. During the late 1970s and 1980s the Rock Garden music venue was popular with up and coming punk rock and New Wave artists.

The market halls and several other buildings in Covent Garden were bought by CapCo in partnership with GE Real Estate in August 2006 for £421 million, on a 150-year head lease. The buildings are let to the Covent Garden Area Trust, who pay an annual peppercorn rent of one red apple and a posy of flowers for each head lease, and the Trust protects the property from being redeveloped. In March 2007 CapCo also acquired the shops located under the Royal Opera House. The complete Covent Garden Estate owned by CapCo consists of 550,000 sq ft (51,000 m2), and has a market value of £650 million.

Landmarks

The Royal Opera House, often referred to as simply "Covent Garden", was constructed as the "Theatre Royal" in 1732 to a design by Edward Shepherd. During the first hundred years or so of its history, the theatre was primarily a playhouse, with the Letters Patent granted by Charles II giving Covent Garden and Theatre Royal, Drury Lane exclusive rights to present spoken drama in London. In 1734, the first ballet was presented; a year later Handel’s first season of operas began. Many of his operas and oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premières here. It has been the home of The Royal Opera since 1945, and the Royal Ballet since 1946.

The current building is the third theatre on the site following destructive fires in 1808 and 1857. The façade, foyer and auditorium were designed by Edward Barry, and date from 1858, but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive £178 million reconstruction in the 1990s. The Royal Opera House seats 2,268 people and consists of four tiers of boxes and balconies and the amphitheatre gallery. The stage performance area is roughly 15 metres square. The main auditorium is a Grade 1 listed building. The inclusion of the adjacent old Floral Hall, previously a part of the old Covent Garden Market, created a new and extensive public gathering place. In 1779 the pavement outside the playhouse was the scene of the murder of Martha Ray, mistress of the Earl of Sandwich, by her admirer the Rev. James Hackman.

Covent Garden square

Balthazar Nebot’s 1737 painting of the square before the 1830 market hall was constructed.
The central square in Covent Garden is simply called "Covent Garden", often marketed as "Covent Garden Piazza" to distinguish it from the eponymous surrounding area. Laid out in 1630, it was the first modern square in London, and was originally a flat, open space or piazza with low railings. A casual market started on the south side, and by 1830 the present market hall was built. The space is popular with street performers, who audition with the site’s owners for an allocated slot. The square was originally laid out when the 4th Earl of Bedford, Francis Russell, commissioned Inigo Jones to design and build a church and three terraces of fine houses around the site of a former walled garden belonging to Westminster Abbey. Jones’s design was informed by his knowledge of modern town planning in Europe, particularly Piazza d’Arme, in Leghorn, Tuscany, Piazza San Marco in Venice, Piazza Santissima Annunziata in Florence, and the Place des Vosges in Paris. The centrepiece of the project was the large square, the concept of which was new to London, and this had a significant influence on modern town planning in the city,[56] acting as the prototype for the laying-out of new estates as the metropolis grew. Isaac de Caus, the French Huguenot architect, designed the individual houses under Jones’s overall design.

The church of St Paul’s was the first building, and was begun in July 1631 on the western side of the square. The last house was completed in 1637. Seventeen of the houses had arcaded portico walks organised in groups of four and six either side of James Street on the north side, and three and four either side of Russell Street. These arcades, rather than the square itself, took the name Piazza; the group from James Street to Russell Street became known as the "Great Piazza" and that to the south of Russell Street as the "Little Piazza". None of Inigo Jones’s houses remain, though part of the north group was reconstructed in 1877–79 as Bedford Chambers by William Cubitt to a design by Henry Clutton.

Covent Garden market

The first record of a "new market in Covent Garden" is in 1654 when market traders set up stalls against the garden wall of Bedford House. The Earl of Bedford acquired a private charter from Charles II in 1670 for a fruit and vegetable market, permitting him and his heirs to hold a market every day except Sundays and Christmas Day. The original market, consisting of wooden stalls and sheds, became disorganised and disorderly, and the 6th Earl requested an Act of Parliament in 1813 to regulate it, then commissioned Charles Fowler in 1830 to design the neo-classical market building that is the heart of Covent Garden today. The contractor was William Cubitt and Company. Further buildings were added—the Floral hall, Charter Market, and in 1904 the Jubilee Market for foreign flowers was built by Cubitt and Howard.

By the end of the 1960s, traffic congestion was causing problems for the market, which required increasingly large lorries for deliveries and distribution. Redevelopment was considered, but protests from the Covent Garden Community Association in 1973 prompted the Home Secretary, Robert Carr, to give dozens of buildings around the square listed-building status, preventing redevelopment. The following year the market relocated to its new site, New Covent Garden Market, about three miles (5 km) south-west at Nine Elms. The central building re-opened as a shopping centre in 1980, with cafes, pubs, small shops and a craft market called the Apple Market. Another market, the Jubilee Market, is held in the Jubilee Hall on the south side of the square. The market halls and several other buildings in Covent Garden have been owned by the property company Capital & Counties Properties (CapCo) since 2006.

Theatre Royal, Drury Lane

The current Theatre Royal on Drury Lane is the most recent of four incarnations, the Second of which opened in 1663, making it the oldest continuously used theatre in London. For much of its first two centuries, it was, along with the Royal Opera House, a patent theatre granted rights in London for the production of drama, and had a claim to be one of London’s leading theatres. The first theatre, known as "Theatre Royal, Bridges Street", saw performances by Nell Gwyn and Charles Hart. After it was destroyed by fire in 1672, English dramatist and theatre manager Thomas Killigrew engaged Christopher Wren to build a larger theatre on the same spot, which opened in 1674. This building lasted nearly 120 years, under leadership including Colley Cibber, David Garrick, and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. In 1791, under Sheridan’s management, the building was demolished to make way for a larger theatre which opened in 1794; but that survived only 15 years, burning down in 1809. The building that stands today opened in 1812. It has been home to actors as diverse as Shakespearean actor Edmund Kean, child actress Clara Fisher, comedian Dan Leno, the comedy troupe Monty Python (who recorded a concert album there), and musical composer and performer Ivor Novello. Since November 2008 the theatre has been owned by composer Andrew Lloyd Webber and generally stages popular musical theatre. It is a Grade I listed building.

London Transport Museum

The London Transport Museum is in a Victorian iron and glass building on the east side of the market square. It was designed as a dedicated flower market by William Rogers of William Cubitt and Company in 1871, and was first occupied by the museum in 1980. Previously the transport collection had been held at Syon Park and Clapham. The first parts of the collection were brought together at the beginning of the 20th century by the London General Omnibus Company (LGOC) when it began to preserve buses being retired from service. After the LGOC was taken over by the London Electric Railway (LER), the collection was expanded to include rail vehicles. It continued to expand after the LER became part of the London Passenger Transport Board in the 1930s and as the organisation passed through various successor bodies up to TfL, London’s transport authority since 2000. The Covent Garden building has on display many examples of buses, trams, trolleybuses and rail vehicles from 19th and 20th centuries as well as artefacts and exhibits related to the operation and marketing of passenger services and the impact that the developing transport network has had on the city and its population.

St Paul’s Church

St Paul’s, commonly known as the Actors’ Church, was designed by Inigo Jones as part of a commission by Francis Russell in 1631 to create "houses and buildings fitt for the habitacons of Gentlemen and men of ability". Work on the church began that year and was completed in 1633, at a cost of £4,000, with it becoming consecrated in 1638. In 1645 Covent Garden was made a separate parish and the church was dedicated to St Paul. It is uncertain how much of Jones’s original building is left, as the church was damaged by fire in 1795 during restoration work by Thomas Hardwick; though it is believed that the columns are original—the rest is mostly Georgian or Victorian reconstruction.

Culture

The Covent Garden area has long been associated with both entertainment and shopping, and this continues. Covent Garden has 13 theatres, and over 60 pubs and bars, with most south of Long Acre, around the main shopping area of the old market. The Seven Dials area in the north of Covent Garden was home to the punk rock club The Roxy in 1977, and the area remains focused on young people with its trendy mid-market retail outlets.

Street performance

Street entertainment at Covent Garden was noted in Samuel Pepys’s diary in May 1662, when he recorded the first mention of a Punch and Judy show in Britain. Impromptu performances of song and swimming were given by local celebrity William Cussans in the eighteenth century. Covent Garden is licensed for street entertainment, and performers audition for timetabled slots in a number of venues around the market, including the North Hall, West Piazza, and South Hall Courtyard. The courtyard space is dedicated to classical music only. There are street performances at Covent Garden Market every day of the year, except Christmas Day. Shows run throughout the day and are about 30 minutes in length. In March 2008, the market owner, CapCo, proposed to reduce street performances to one 30-minute show each hour.

Pubs and bars

The Covent Garden area has over 60 pubs and bars; several of them are listed buildings, with some also on CAMRA’s National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors; some, such as The Harp in Chandos Place, have received consumer awards. The Harp’s awards include London Pub of the Year in 2008 by the Society for the Preservation of Beers from the Wood, and National Pub of the Year by CAMRA in 2011. It was at one time owned by the Charrington Brewery, when it was known as The Welsh Harp; in 1995 the name was abbreviated to just The Harp, before Charrington sold it to Punch Taverns in 1997. It has been owned by the landlady since 2010.

The Lamb and Flag in Rose Street has a reputation as the oldest pub in the area, though records are not clear. The first mention of a pub on the site is 1772 (when it was called the Cooper’s Arms – the name changing to Lamb & Flag in 1833); the 1958 brick exterior conceals what may be an early 18th-century frame of a house replacing the original one built in 1638.[94] The pub acquired a reputation for staging bare-knuckle prize fights during the early 19th century when it earned the nickname "Bucket of Blood". The alleyway beside the pub was the scene of an attack on John Dryden in 1679 by thugs hired by John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, with whom he had a long-standing conflict.

The Salisbury in St. Martin’s Lane was built as part of a six-storey block around 1899 on the site of an earlier pub that had been known under several names, including the Coach & Horses and Ben Caunt’s Head; it is both Grade II listed, and on CAMRA’s National Inventory, due to the quality of the etched and polished glass and the carved woodwork, summed up as "good fin de siècle ensemble". The Freemasons Arms on Long Acre is linked with the founding of the Football Association in 1896; however, the meetings took place at The Freemasons Tavern on Great Queen Street, which was replaced in 1909 by the Connaught Rooms.

Other pubs that are Grade II listed are of minor interest, they are three 19th century rebuilds of 17th century/18th century houses, the Nell Gwynne Tavern in Bull Inn Court, the Nag’s Head on James Street, and the White Swan on New Row; a Victorian pub built by lessees of the Marquis of Exeter, the Old Bell on the corner of Exeter Street and Wellington Street; and a late 18th or early 19th century pub the Angel and Crown on St. Martin’s Lane.

Cultural connections

Covent Garden, and especially the market, have appeared in a number of works. Eliza Doolittle, the central character in George Bernard Shaw’s play, Pygmalion, and the musical adaptation by Alan Jay Lerner, My Fair Lady, is a Covent Garden flower seller. Alfred Hitchcock’s 1972 film Frenzy about a Covent Garden fruit vendor who becomes a serial sex killer, was set in the market where his father had been a wholesale greengrocer. The daily activity of the market was the topic of a 1957 Free Cinema documentary by Lindsay Anderson, Every Day Except Christmas, which won the Grand Prix at the Venice Festival of Shorts and Documentaries.

Transport

Covent Garden is served by the Piccadilly line at Covent Garden tube station on the corner of Long Acre and James Street. The station was opened by Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway on 11 April 1907, four months after services on the rest of the line began operating on 15 December 1906. Platform access is only by lift or stairs; until improvements to the exit gates in 2007, due to high passenger numbers (16 million annually), London Underground had to advise travellers to get off at Leicester Square and walk the short distance (the tube journey at less than 300 yards is London’s shortest) to avoid the congestion. Stations just outside the area include the Charing Cross tube station and Charing Cross railway station, Leicester Square tube station, and Holborn tube station. While there is only one bus route in Covent Garden itself—the RV1, which uses Catherine Street as a terminus, just to the east of Covent Garden square—there are over 30 routes which pass close by, mostly on the Strand or Kingsway.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covent_Garden

Posted by PaChambers on 2015-10-07 16:27:33

Tagged: , London , uk , gb , urban , covent garden , autumn 2015 , 2015 , october , sunny , Neals Yard , colour

Little Green Cornish Shrimper 19 on the Teign

October 22, 2020 by 4g3nd4

SHRIMPER 19
SPECIFICATION

Length overall22’6″6.858m
Length over deck19’3”5.867m
Length of waterline17’7″5.334m
Beam7’2”2.184m
Draught1’6” – 4’0”0.457m – 1.219m
Displacement2350lb1065kg
Sail area194ft218.02m2
Approx towing weight3300lb1500kg
RCD categoryC
Shrimper 19 standard sail away specification
Hull Construction: Hand laid solid GRP hull with no foam core. Integral centerplate case laminated as part of the complete hull structure. Internal bunk and
forepeak moulding bonded into hull with internal structural bulkheads bonded to both hull and deck mouldings. Standard colours are off white, dark blue
or dark green. The hull and deck joint is by way of an overlap or ‘Biscuit Tin Lid’ with GRP bonding.
Rudder: The rudder is transom hung on two stainless steel hangings bolted through the transom with Hardwood backing pads. The rudder is constructed
from laminated plywood with a stainless steel lifting drop plate.
Engine Beds: Engine beds are incorporated in the GRP bunk moulding with mild steel mounts bonded into the bed design which incorporates an oil drip
tray.
Ballast: Ballast is by way of iron punchings encapsulated in resin inside the hull keel moulding. A galvanised steel centerplate forms part of the ballast
with a stainless steel lifting wire leading to a winch lifting system operated from the cockpit.
Boot Top: A single boot top moulded in gel coat located above antifouling level. Colour in contrast to main hull and normally matching the deck.
Deck Construction: Hand laid GRP with Balsa core in way of horizontal load areas. Hard wood pads under deck fittings and stress points.
Cockpit : Cockpit locker lids are hand laid with Balsa core. There is integrated non slip on horizontal surfaces with an optional two tone colour. A cockpit
drain is located in the center of the main foot well with additional drainage from the seats. A central watertight locker offers general storage or houses the
diesel engine when fitted.
Deck Fittings: Bespoke deck fittings including bowsprit, tabernacle and chain plates are made from stainless steel. 4 aluminium deck cleats are positioned
aft & amidships with two fairleads feeding a teak Sampson post forward. All sail controls are led aft to rope clutches / jammers with a single halyard
winch to starboard. Adjustable jib & mainsheet cars. Access below is via a teak lined sliding companionway hatch and split plywood / Perspex washboards.
Extra ventilation provided by an aluminium forward hatch.
Ports: 2 aluminium fixed ports are fitted one each in the hull topsides.
Chain plates: Chain plates are in stainless steel and through bolted on the hull sides.
Vents: Ventilation is via a washboard vent and opening forward hatch.
Miscellaneous Equipment: Fuel filler &tank vent.(Inboard version only), Life harness attachment point by the companionway, Rope tidies for halyards.
Cockpit Lockers: Two main watertight lockers with latches and padlocks are provided. A padlock is also provided for the companionway hatch.
Mainmast: Laminated in Sitka Spruce and treated with Sikkens Cetol including a stainless steel mast band to take Cap shrouds, jib and mainsail halyards.
All deck mounted on a substantial stainless steel tabernacle.
Main Boom: Laminated in Sitka Spruce and treated with Sikkens Cetol including a Stainless steel gooseneck fitting, kicker and mainsheet bands and all
associated reefing line leads / terminals.
Bowsprit: Laminated in Sitka Spruce and treated with Sikkens Cetol including a Stainless steel pivot fitting, end plate and bobstay take off points.
Gaff: Laminated in Sitka Spruce and treated with Sikkens Cetol including a Stainless steel gaff collar with rubber protection on bearing surface. Wire hoist
span and block.
Standing Rigging: Cap shrouds, lower shrouds & forestay in 4mm 1 x 19 stainless steel wire with swagged ends. Chromed rigging screws. Jib mounted on
reefing spar and controls led aft to cockpit.
Running Rigging: Main throat / peak halyards – 6mm braid. Jib &Staysail halyards – 6mm braid. Main topping lift – 6mm braid. Mainsail reefing lines –
6mm braid. Mainsail outhaul – 6mm braid. Mainsheet & Jib sheets – 10mm sheet rope. All associated blocks for purchase tackles.
Mainsail: Dacron in tan or cream. 2 reef points with tie in lacing. Luff and gaff lacing as required.
Jib: Dacron in tan or cream with wire luff and tell tails.
Boom Cover: In maroon, or cream acrylic. Fixings to allow for topping lift and mainsheet take off. All sails supplied with, sail numbers, logo and ties.
Engineering
Outboard Version
Outboard well: A teak engine mounting with stainless brackets. Engine well hull blank. GRP moulded fuel tank stowage and fuel lead splitter through aft
locker compartment. (fuel lead not supplied as standard)
Inboard Version
Stern Gear: A 1” stainless steel shaft is fitted, connected to the engine via a coupling and fitted with a Tides Marine ‘lip seal’ gland. The shaft drives a fixed
2-bladed propeller.
Engine: Yanmar 1GM10 9hp marine diesel engine. A 55 amp (12V) alternator is fitted to the engine.
Engine Instruments and Controls: The engine instruments are located at the rear of the cockpit coaming and are recessed with a clear cover. Instruments
include audible alarm, alternator warning light, start switch and stop control. A single lever engine control is supplied and fitted in the cockpit well.
Engine Cooling: The engine is directly salt water cooled. A 1/2″ diameter pipe leads from the main seawater inlet through a strainer to the engine and
discharges overboard through the exhaust.
Engine Exhaust: A flexible exhaust hose connects the exhaust via a swan neck with water trap to the outlet fitting through the transom.
Fuel System: A plastic diesel tank with a capacity of approximately 18 litres, breather and integrated fuel gauge. The tank is fitted with flow and return
lines, the flow line having a manual shut off valve.
Plumbing
Bilge System: 1 x Manual bilge pump operated from the cockpit with a handle stored in the aft locker.
Fresh Water Tanks: 2 x 10ltr plastic jerry cans with manual hand pump. Also a bucket / sink.
Soil System: When fitted the heads discharge directly to sea via a vent loop and skin fitting.
Inlet / Outlet Fittings: Engine: In through a single skin fitting with a valve and strainer, out via the exhaust system.
Gas System: There is a double burner hob cooker attached to a separately stored gas bottle.
12 volt DC system
Batteries: Engine – one 12 volt 55 amp/hour. (Optional on outboard version)
Charging: Via main engine – a 35 amp (at 12 volt) alternator.
Switchboard: An optional switch panel is fitted to boats that have additional electronics fitted.
Miscellaneous Standard Equipment
Deck: 1 x winch handle. 1 x bilge pump handle. Stowed in aft cockpit locker. 1 x fire extinguisher – situated down below.
Joinery: The interior joinery is constructed from high quality materials and in accordance with good yacht practice. Bulkheads and side back linings are
from plywood.
Finish: All cabin woodwork is finished in a mix of painted bulkheads and varnished trim.
Soles: Rubber textured sole throughout.
Upholstery: A choice of soft or wipe down plastic upholstery is available.

Posted by guyfogwill on 2020-08-29 18:00:06

Tagged: , Guy Fogwill , Guy , Fogwill , United Kingdom , Boats , Devon , bateau , Shaldon , River Teign , August , Teignmouth , Boat , GBR , England , Great Britan , River , Yacht , back beach , Harbour , bateaux , Teign Estuary , Summer , Yachts , South West , UK , sailing dingy , TQ14 , Teignbridge , sail , Teignmouth (Approaches) , Coastline , Nautical , flicker , Associated British Ports , sony , DSC-HX60 , Vessel , Coastal , Marine , Maritime , Port , Fatyak , 2020 , août , agosto , augusti , Cornish Shrimper 19 , cornish

Bentley S2 Continental Cabriolet – 1962

October 22, 2020 by 4g3nd4

Coachwork by Park Ward Ltd.
Chassis n° BC119LCZ

Les Grandes Marques du Monde au Grand Palais
Bonhams
Estimated : € 225.000 – 275.000
Sold for € 209.300

Parijs – Paris
Frankrijk – France
February 2018

– The ultimate combination of speed and elegance in its day
– Delivered new to the USA
– Recent extensive refurbishment by Frank Dale & Stepsons
– Registered in the UK

Introduced in the autumn of 1959, the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud II and Bentley S2 appeared externally unchanged from their Silver Cloud and S-Type predecessors, though their performance was considerably enhanced by the new 6.230 cc aluminium-alloy V8 engine. ‘The Bentley S2, with its sister Rolls-Royce models, gives high-speed travel in silence and luxury, while the driver and passengers enjoy the sense of well being that only British craftsmanship can give. The V8 engine, with its flashing acceleration, certainly contributes to the result and is a definite step forward in Rolls-Royce technique,’ enthused Autosport. There were few significant changes to the running gear, though power-assisted steering was now standard and the manual gearbox had been dropped, Rolls-Royce’s own four-speed automatic transmission being the sole offering.

Built in ‘S2’ form from the autumn of 1959, Continental version of the Bentley remained, as ever, exclusively a coachbuilt car. The firms of H J Mulliner, Park Ward, James Young, and Hooper (with a solitary example) all offered bodies on the Continental S2 chassis, which differed from the standard version by virtue of its four-leading-shoe front brakes, shorter radiator and, up to chassis number ‘BC99BY’, higher gearing. Of these four, James Young, and Hooper would soon cease coachbuilding, leaving only Mulliner and Park Ward to carry on a noble tradition.

Chassis number ‘BC119LCZ’ is an example of Park Ward’s influential ‘straight through wing’ body style; it is one of 124 bodied in this fashion by Park Ward, and one of only 61 original left-hand drive cars. This Continental was delivered new to Rolls-Royce Inc in New York, USA where it was sold via J S Inskip Inc to its first owner: Gordon P Kelley of Chicago, Illinois. Copy chassis cards on file record that the car was originally finished in Dawn Blue with light blue hood and matching interior, and left the factory equipped with electric windows and aerial, power operated convertible hood, and Sundym glass. Only one other owner is listed on the chassis cards: an Adrian West of Morrisville, Vermont (from April 1971).

In more recent years the car returned to Europe where it formed part of a small private collection in Holland. Renowned marque specialists, Frank Dale & Stepsons have recently brought this handsome motor car up to showroom condition, with mechanical and electrical preparation as and where necessary, coachwork restoration, chrome restoration, a new hood and headlining, woodwork restoration, and new carpets (bills available). Now presenting and driving beautifully, this superb Bentley Continental comes with a complete small tool kit and is ready for pleasurable summer motoring to the Côte d’Azur and other such delightful destinations.

Posted by Perico001 on 2018-02-23 10:10:20

Tagged: , S2 , Continental , BC119LCZ , 675UYL , Auto , Automobil , Automobile , Automobiles , Car , Voiture , Vehicle , Véhicule , Wagen , PKW , Automotive , Autoshow , Autosalon , Motorshow , Car Show , Ausstellung , Exhibition , Exposition , Expo , Verkehrausstellung , Frankrijk , France , Francia , Frankreich , Paris , Parijs , Nikon , Df , 2018 , Le Grand Palais , Bonhams , Auction , Les grandes marques du monde , Oldtimer , Classic , Klassiker , Cabriolet , Cabrio , Décapotable , Convertible , DHC , Drophead Coupé , Bentley , Crewe , Engeland , England , UK , United Kingdom , Great Britain , Groot Brittannië , 1962

Old building- Scotland Dorset-140220 (2)

October 20, 2020 by 4g3nd4

Set of 3.
The building with the tiled roof is owned by the National Trust, think it may be a holiday property.

The two shots of the other building (old barn) show various wood craft. As you can see on the sign a Wheelwright is registered there but other items are produced like chopping boards, photo frames & the like. Inside they also have a few collectables for sale, interesting place.

The location is Scotland, not the country but just on the outskirts of Corfe Castle In Dorset, England. I guess at one time the house & barn may have been one property or a working farm.

Posted by Ann Collier Wildlife & General Photographer on 2020-07-05 06:30:38

Tagged: , Old Buildings , Old Building , Thatched , Thatch , Scotland, Dorset , Dorset , England , wheelwright , wood-working , Dorset Landscape , UK

26898

October 17, 2020 by 4g3nd4

The Grade II* Listed Parish Church of St Mary, in the grounds of Riseholme College, in Riseholme, West Lindsey, Lincolnshire.

The first Bishop of Lincoln to live at Riseholme Hall was John Kaye and he had the 14th century style church of St Mary’s built at his own expense to a design by S.S. Teulon. The foundation stone was laid by Bishop Kaye on 4th April 1851. The church consists of a nave with gabled western bellcote, a gabled south porch, a vestry and a chancel. St Mary’s is built of local stone and the architecture is early Decorated period. All the woodwork is English oak and the font is of stone from Caen. The chancel arch is in a 13th century style and the chancel floor is Victorian encaustic tiles. The windows are by Gibbs.

The organ is a Premier pipe organ made by Cousans of Lincoln. St Mary’s did not have electricity until 1948 and an electric blower was installed for the organ in 1954.

Posted by benbobjr on 2017-04-05 16:58:43

Tagged: , Lincoln , Lincolnshire , Midlands , East Midlands , England , UK , United Kingdom , GB , Great Britain , British , English , Britain , Riseholme , Riseholme Hall , Hall , Manor , Stately Home , Riseholme Campus , Riseholme College , Riseholme Park , campus , University of Lincoln , Nettleham , farming and agriculture , farming , agriculture , church , chapel , worship , religion , Christ , Christian , Christianity , Parish Church of St Mary , Parish Church of Saint Mary , Grade II* Listed , Grade II* Listed Building , Listed Building , John Kaye , architect , S.S. Teulon , foundation stone , Bishop Kaye , nave , gabled western bellcote , gabled south porch , vestry , chancel , English oak , Caen , chancel arch , 13th century style , chancel floor , Victorian encaustic tiles , Premier pipe organ , Cousans of Lincoln

Great Things Happened Here 1, South East London, England.

October 17, 2020 by 4g3nd4

A former workshop of L.Gandolfi & Sons, (Established 1880) Master Camera Makers.

Makers of legendary hand crafted wooden view cameras.

The company survived until 1993.

LR3350

Posted by Joseph O’Malley64 on 2019-05-02 16:05:45

Tagged: , L.Gandolfi & Sons , Gandolfi , Gandolfi Cameras , L.Gandolfi & Sons, Master Camera Makers , View Cameras , Plate Cameras , Hand Built , Hand Crafted , Hand Made , Precision Made , Engineered , Woodwork , Metalwork , Precision Optical Instruments , Workshop , Former Workshop , Family Business , Business Premises , The Built Environment , New Topography , New Topographics , Man Made Environment , Man Made Structure , Buildings , Structures , VictorIan Buildings , Shopfront , Chemists Shop , Stucco , Stucco Work , Mouldings , Brickwork , Bricks & Mortar , Cement , Pointing , Slate Roof , Eaves , Ornamental Woodwork , Lead Flashing , Sash Windows , Windows , Shutters , Roller Shutters , Graffiti , Wheelie Bins , Ivy , Concrete , Pavement , Granite Kerbing , Tarmac , South East London , London , England , UK , Britain , British , Great Britain , Architectural Photography , Documentary Photography , British Documentary Photography , Fuji X , Fuji X100T , Accuracy & Precision

UK – London – Sketch Restaurant – Toilets 18_sq_DSC1411

October 15, 2020 by 4g3nd4

An 8mm fisheye shot in amongst the toilet pods of the Sketch restaurant in London.

I don’t suppose I’m the first person to photograph these toilets but even so I felt rather self-conscious taking photos. I had to hang around a bit to get the place to myself but this didn’t prove that easy given how ‘instagrammable’ the place is…….

Seen in Explore, no.375, 30/06/18.

Click here to see my other ‘Explore’ shots : www.flickr.com/photos/darrellg/albums/72157602147367611

For those intrigued by the restaurant you can take a look here : sketch.london/venue_Gallery_David_Shrigley.php?menu=1#gsc…

From Wikipedia : "9 Conduit is a Grade II listed townhouse in Mayfair, designed by Scottish Architect James Wyatt in 1779 as the private residence of James Viner. Following that the building hosted a bizarre variety of societies and institutions that, according to some accounts, included cyclists, balloonists and psychologists, as well as the Suffragette movement in the early 20th century, RIBA and Christian Dior.

In 1887–1909 Conduit Street was converted into the headquarters of Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) and still retains its plaque and crest in the entrance hall. During this time RIBA/AA hosted a competition to re-design the 18th century façade design and although this was never realized, the RIBA archive at the V&A retains some of the competition proposal drawings.

The townhouse continued its interesting design legacy and history in the mid-20th century to become Christian Dior’s London atelier, within which Dior housed his collections. During this time in the 1970s the listed interior was modified by the seminal mid century architect and leading Pop interior designer and furniture maker Max Clendinning (b. 1924) who designed cupboards, cubicles and display cases for Dior’s ready to wear clothes and accessories. To combine the old and new, everything (including the walls, ceilings and woodwork) was painted a uniform mid-grey with a grey velvet Wilton carpet and grey uniformed attendants to “throw the clothes into sharper relief, and seems to conform with the classical, refined elegance of the House of Dior itself.” This austere style of monochromatic design was developed from his seminal 1960s signature white on white designs that marked the peak of British Modernism.

When the building was taken over by Sketch the interior was re-designed by Mazouz and Paris-based designer and sculptor Noé Duchaufour Lawrance. Several other international designers were commissioned for signature pieces, which are featured throughout sketch."

My Website : Twitter : Facebook : Instagram : Photocrowd

Posted by Darrell Godliman on 2018-06-08 12:55:00

Tagged: , UK – London – Sketch Restaurant – Toilets 18_sq_DSC1411 , Sketch , Sketch London , restaurant , Interior Design , design , 9 Conduit Street , Conduit St , London , toilet , toilets , WC , restroom , white , pods , pod , futuristic , United Kingdom , UK , GB , Great Britain , Britain , Engand , Europe , sq , Square format , SQUARES , BSquare , Fisheye , 8mm , Samyang , wideangle , Architecture , Contemporary Architecture , Modern Architecture , unique

Glass Act at St Peter and St Paul, Lavenham

October 15, 2020 by 4g3nd4

This church is high priority for revisiting, rephotographing and rewriting.

There is a tradition that St Peter and St Paul vies with Holy Trinity at Long Melford, just 5 miles away, to be the finest of all Suffolk churches. Well, they are certainly the grandest. This, of course, is not quite the same thing, and anyone who chose one of these two as their favourite Suffolk church would probably be either from the village concerned, or from out of county. I do believe that Suffolk’s two finest churches are 5 miles away from each other – but they are Blythburgh and Southwold, 30 miles away on the coast.

Suffolk has few more spectacular sights than St Peter and St Paul in its trim churchyard at the top of the hill, and Lavenham is a hilly place, set in hilly country. This was the heart of the cloth country, and villages all around produced the cloth that made the merchants of Lavenham wealthy, and in turn produced this magnificent 15th century building. If Holy Trinity at Long Melford was built with old money, this was built with new money.

Sheer perfection – from the outside, at least. St Peter and St Paul stands as a sentinel over the Suffolk cloth villages. A marvellous trick of making the church lift upwards is created by the larger windows at the east of the south aisle.

St Peter and St Paul, like St Mary at Stoke-by-Nayland, can be seen for miles around, its grand tower punctuating the skyline as a surprise as one travels the mid-Suffolk lanes. Rather more spectacularly, it rises proudly like a beacon as one approaches Lavenham on the road from Long Melford. It is more of a surprise, then, because we had found Holy Trinity Long Melford to be quite hidden.

St Peter and St Paul has the most urban setting of the great Suffolk cloth churches. This tames it slightly, and it is further tamed by being set in Suffolk’s main tourist town. If this church was set in a more remote place, it would have quite a different character. Nonetheless, it is a tremendous sight. As many churches are, it is well worth a walk around the outside before you go in. This a building at once solid and magnificent. It has a tremendous unity and integrity that Long Melford cannot match. The aisles, chapels, chancel and tower cluster around the nave, giving an impression of a fortified city.

The architect may very well have been John Wastell, who built Great St Mary in Cambridge, which is very similar. A marvellous trick of making the south aisle chapel windows larger than the south aisle windows encourages the feeling of a building that lifts upwards. This building is very late perpendicular. It was probably not complete until 1530, on the very eve of the Reformation.

The ancient font offsets what appear to be Victorian arcades. In fact, they’re genuine. That’s what you get for using the finest building materials.

As we step into the church itself, we have a quite different impression to that of Long Melford, or indeed any of the great Suffolk churches. This is a much more solid, darker building, the smell of wood-polish and coolness of stone being more prominent than any of the lightness and riches we might expect from the exterior. We will try to ignore the gift shop that spreads itself across the west end; I think the siting of this shop is disgraceful. So, join us as we turn towards the east. Looking upwards we are immediately struck by the sense of being in a Victorian building, because the precisely chiselled patterns of the arcade, the darkness of the wood and richness of the windows recall similar aspects of Victorian restorations. But this is an illusion.

The Lady chapel. Nice windows, shame about the glass. This was probably the Spring chantry. In fact, the quality of the materials used in the arcades is so high, that the carvings look as if they were done recently.
Bearing in mind that this church is half a century newer than Long Melford, Blythburgh, Eye or Southwold, it is still over 450 years old, and the condition is remarkable.

The dark woodwork, on closer inspection, is not heavy at all. It is the most beautiful light and bubbly screenwork, and formed parcloses to chantry chapels. One can only hope that the person who gave the order for it to be stained and polished lived to regret it.

The Springs were Lavenham’s richest family, and donors of this church. The parclose screen in the north aisle was to their chantry.

Another screen in the south aisle was possibly intended as a chantry chapel for the clothier Thomas Spourne, although his remains do not lie here. In the ferment of the 1530’s, it must already have been unclear if this church could ever be fully used for the purposes for which it was intended.

Not far from the church stands the Guildhall, completed in the 1530s and never used much at all for its original purpose before the Reformation swept the guilds and the chantries and the priests away. But for a few short years, the guild of St Mary maintained a chantry altar and priest here. The hall is a museum now.

And today, St Peter and St Paul is a splendid church. It has not been untouched; witness some of the most hideous, most truly awful 19th century stained glass windows in the otherwise lovely Lady chapel. The hand of the Victorians fell heavily here.

But this building is a document of the history of the Church of England, its completion coinciding almost exactly with the birth of that institution. It is a monument to Anglican triumphalism, and one can no more imagine Thomas Spring and his contemporaries saying their rosaries and attending Mass here than one can imagine the gift shop being banished or the floors and woodwork going unpolished. Anyone interested in the development of a civic church over the last 500 years needs to come to Lavenham.

Lavenham has several websites; perhaps the most useful starting points are the Lavenham Index and Welcome to Lavenham. Courtesy of the second of these, you can download here a zip file of two minutes of Lavenham bells. The site also has other audio files.

Also, visit the entry for St Peter and St Paul at Dave Postle’s Images of Churches and Buildings in Suffolk site.

St Peter and St Paul, Lavenham, is to be found on the A1141 Hadleigh to Bury St Edmunds road. The church is at the top end of the town, towards Long Melford.

Posted by antonychammond on 2009-03-03 11:04:42

Tagged: , StPeterandStPaulChurch , Lavenham , StainedGlassWindow , Anglican , ChurchofEngland , Church , Suffolk , England , UK , Britain , Religion , ABigFave , ColourArtAward , COLOR+FULL=[AWARD] , COLORSINOURWORLD , ThePerfectPhotographer , GoldStarAward , RubyPhotographer , flickrAward , ColorPhotoAward , visualart , RiotOfColours , Ohhh! , O.T.W , middleages , CITRIT , HeavenlyCaptures , mywinners

North Lodge and Entrance Arch, Duns Castle, Duns, Scotland

October 13, 2020 by 4g3nd4

Category B listed historic structures constructed in the early 1800’s with later alterations.

"Duns Castle, Duns, Berwickshire is a historic house in Scotland, the oldest part of which, the massive Norman Keep or Pele Tower, supposedly dates from 1320. The castle and most of the structures on the property are designated as a scheduled ancient monument.

The early history of the building is virtually unknown. A keep was built on the lands granted to Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray by King Robert the Bruce in 1320. That structure may have been razed by the English in the 16th century, possibly during the Rough Wooing in 1545 when the nearby town of Duns was burned to the ground,, as that the part of the building claimed to date from that time has been assessed as dating from the 15th – 16th century by architectural historians.

The manor and its castle appear to have passed into the hands of Patrick V, Earl of March after Randolph’s death in 1332. After the Battle of Halidon Hill the following year the manor was granted by King Edward II of England to Thomas de Bradestan. There were multiple changes of ownership afterwards.

During the First Bishops’ War of 1639, the castle housed General Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven. His army was quartered nearby and blocked the English from advancing into Scotland. Neither side wished to fight and negotiations began that led to the Pacification of Berwick that ended the war. In 1670 Sir James Cockburn of Cockburn bought the estate and burgh of Duns from Hume of Ayton. The manor was sold to William Hay of Drummelzier, son of John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale in 1698 and it has remained in the family ever since.

The original keep is claimed to have been incorporated into the building as it was expanded into a L-shaped structure at an unknown date. It was remodeled shortly its acquisition and again in 1791–1798 by the architect John Baxter. The house was transformed into a Gothic castle, 1818–1822, by architect James Gillespie Graham. The interior woodwork was carved by the noted sculptor, Sir John Steell, during his apprenticeship.

There is a publicly accessible park and two man-made lakes, the Hen Poo and the smaller Mill Dam that form the Duns Castle nature reserve.

The castle and its outbuildings are currently available to serve as a venue for weddings and corporate functions, with accommodations available for the guests." – info from Wikipedia.

Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.

Now on Instagram.

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon.

Posted by Billy Wilson Photography on 2020-06-17 06:29:02

Tagged: , 2019 , Adventure , Bike Tour , Cycling , Europe , Bike , Tour , UK , United , Kingdom , British , Britain , Scotland , Scottish , Berwickshire , Borders , Architecture , Historic , Stone

School House, Brancepeth, England

October 11, 2020 by 4g3nd4

Grade II listed former school house that has been converted to three dwellings. It was constructed in 1857.

"Brancepeth is a village and civil parish in County Durham, in England. It is situated about 8 km (5.0 mi) from Durham on the A690 road between Durham and Weardale. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 414.

Brancepeth Castle was until 1570 the fortress of the Neville Earls of Westmorland. The castle was extensively modified and rebuilt in the 19th century by Viscount Boyne (later Baron Brancepeth). It was later a military hospital.

St Brandon’s Church was famed for its exceptional 17th-century woodwork, until it was destroyed in a major fire in 1998; the church has since been restored and reroofed.

In 1924, Harry Colt laid out a golf course on the deer park which formed part of the estate surrounding the castle. A club house was created from the old coach house and stables and remains in use by Brancepeth Castle Golf Club. The 6400-yard, par 70 course is regarded as one of the finest in the north-east of England.

Remains of Brancepeth railway station in 1965
According to one story, the village’s name is said to derive from "Brawn’s Path". There is a legend that Brancepeth was once terrorized by an enormous brawn, which was eventually killed by a knight named Sir Roger de Ferie in 1208. A commemorative stone marks the traditional location of the brawn’s death.

A more likely explanation is that it derives from "Brandon’s Path", after St Brandon, the patron saint of the parish church." – info from Wikipedia.

Now on Instagram.

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon.

Posted by Billy Wilson Photography on 2020-06-03 01:04:09

Tagged: , 2019 , Adventure , Bike Tour , Cottages , Cycling , Europe , Bike , Tour , UK , United , Kingdom , England , British , Britain , Durham , Historic , Architecture , Stone , Village , Doors

Old stairs – explore #11

October 11, 2020 by 4g3nd4

Now classic shot of the beautiful stairs at this small former hospital. Amazing woodworks. Opened in 1937, acquired by Asylum D, and closed in 1990.

History and more documentary pictures here.

From the "1000 miles and running" tour. 10 urbex locations all around UK in 4 days.

On tour with Andre Govia, Rusty Photography, Martin Widlund and Haribohoe.

My blog || twitter || youtube || vimeo || tumblr

If you are inspired to do urban exploration after seeing my pictures, do so at your own risk. It can be dangerous and illegal and I’m not responsible for your decisions and actions. Don’t steal things, break in or vandalize places.

Posted by [AndreasS] on 2011-03-04 21:44:45

Tagged: , abandoned , leftover , urbex , urban , exploration , old , derelict , decayed , decay , grunge , uk , canon , trespass , exploring , room , hdr , hdri , forfall , dark , creepy , hospital , medical , illness , sick , horror , eerie , park , place , ill , england , still , 5d , pool , eos , sigma , corner , hallway , inside , stairs , fisheye , 15mm , nedlagt , forlatt , EXPLORE , MrNorUe , gammelt

Chesham, Chiltern Hills, Buckinghamshire, England

October 8, 2020 by 4g3nd4

Chesham (/ˈtʃɛʃəm/, local /ˈtʃɛsəm/, or /ˈtʃɛzəm/) is a market town in the Chiltern Hills, Buckinghamshire, England. It is located 11 miles south-east of the county town of Aylesbury. Chesham is also a civil parishdesignated a town council within Chiltern district. It is situated in the Chess Valley and surrounded by farmland, as well as being bordered on one side by Amersham and Chesham Bois. The earliest records of Chesham as a settlement are from the second half of the 10th century although there is archaeological evidence of people in this area from around 8000 BC. Henry III granted the town a royal charter for a weekly market in 1257.

The town is known for its four Bs, usually quoted as:- boots, beer, brushes and Baptists.[3] Chesham’s prosperity grew significantly during the 18th and 19th centuries with the development of manufacturing industry.

In the face of fierce competition from both home and abroad all these traditional industries rapidly declined. The ready availability of skilled labour encouraged new industries to the town both before and after the end of the Second World War. Today employment in the town is provided mainly by small businesses engaged in light industry, technology and professional services.

From the early part of the 20th century onwards there has been a considerable expansion of the town with new housing developments and civic infrastructure. Increasingly Chesham has also become a commuter town with improved connection to London via the London Underground and road networks. The town centre has been progressively redeveloped since the 1960s and was pedestrianised in the 1990s. The population of the town has increased to slightly over 20,000 but further growth has been restricted because the area forms part of the Metropolitan Green Belt.

History

There is archaeological evidence of the earliest settlement during the Late Mesolithic period around 5000 BC in East Street, Chesham where a large quantity of Flint tools were found. The earliest farming evidence from the Neolithic era around 2500 BC. Bronze Age tribes settled in the valley around 1800 BC and they were succeeded by Iron Age Belgic people of the Catuvellauni tribe around 500 BC. Between 150-400 AD there is evidence of Romano-British farming and nearby at Latimer there is archaeological evidence of a Roman villa and the planting of grapevines. However the area was then deserted until the Saxon periodaround the 7th century’.

Contrary to popular belief, the town is not named after the river; rather, the river is named after the town. The first recorded reference to Chesham is under the Old English name Cæstæleshamm meaning "the river-meadow at the pile of stones" around 970 in the will of Lady Ælfgifu, who has been identified with the former wife of King Eadwig. She held an estate here which she bequeathed to Abingdon Abbey.

Prior to 1066 there were three adjacent estates which comprised Caestreham which are briefly recorded in the Domesday Book as being of 1½, 4 and 8½ hides, having four mills. The most important of these manors was held by Queen Edith, the widow of Edward the Confessor. Other land having been returned to the Crown it was in the hands of Harold Godwinson and his brother Leofwine Godwinson. Part of these later became Chesham Bois parish. After 1066 Edith kept her lands and William the Conqueror divided royal lands between his half brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and Hugh de Bolbec.

The Domesday Book records that there were three manors in Cestreham and one at nearby Latimer. William the Conqueror shared out the estates between four of his dependants. The vast majority of land was granted to Hugh de Bolebec and smaller parcels to Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, Toustain Mantel and Alsi.

Before the 13th century the three Cestreham manors were known as Chesham Higham, Chesham Bury and Chesham Boys (or ‘Bois’). In the 14th century they were first recorded as ‘the manors of Great Chesham’. Collectively they extended beyond the current Chesham town boundary. Together with the manor at Latimer they were held by the Earls of Oxfordand Surrey. During the 16th century Greater Chesham was owned by the Seymour familywho disposed of it to the Cavendish family who were the Earls and later Dukes of Devonshire. It is from the 15th century that the earliest surviving properties survive and are to be found close by the church in an area called the Nap, and along part of the present-day Church Street. Though gradually disposing of land the Cavendishes maintained an influence in the town until the 19th century. The Lowndes family started purchasing land from the 16th century. William Lowndes was an influential politician and Secretary to the Treasury during the reigns of Mary II, William III and Queen Anne. He had the original Bury and manor house of Great Chesham, rebuilt in 1712. The Lowndes family settled in Chesham and over the next 200 years became equally influential both nationally through politics and the law and locally within the town as its principle benefactors.

No evidence remains of any church prior to the Norman Conquest. However, the siting of puddingstones beneath the present-day church suggests a wooden church was constructed on the site during the Anglo-Saxon period. During the 12th century two families of Norman descent, the de Bolebecs and the Sifrewasts, each held a share of the advowson assigned to the adjacent manors of Chesham Higham and Chesham Bury respectively for the Church at Chesham which it is evidenced from about 1154 was dedicated to St Mary. These moieties were subsequently given by the families to two monasteries. In 1194 the de Bolbecs bestowed their advowson to the abbot and monks of Woburn Abbey and henceforth the parish of Chesham Higham was renamed ‘Chesham Woburn’. Meanwhile, and sometime before 1199, the Sifrewast family granted their advowson to the convent of St Mary’s de Pré Leicester. As a consequence the advowson for the parish of Chesham Bury became known as ‘Chesham Leicester’.[12] In 1536 Henry VIIIseized control of church property as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Subsequently, during Edward VI and Elizabeth I’s reigns, first Chesham Woburn and then Chesham Leicester advowsons became part of the estates of the Dukes of Bedford. Though there were originally two vicars appointed to the parish church of St Mary’s from the 17th century a single incombent was appointed. Jurisdiction was still shared between both advowsons and two parsonages, an ‘upper’ and ‘lower’, continued to be maintained until the 18th century when both were superseded by a single new parsonage. The Duke of Bedford subsequently consolidated the moities by Act of Parliament in 1767. To accommodate the increasing population during the 19th century a new parish church were built in 1867; Christ Church at Waterside, and further churches were built at Ashley Green and Bellingdon which were at the time both within the civil parish of Chesham.

Chesham is noted for the religious dissent which dominated the town from the 15th century. In 1532 Thomas Harding was burnt at the stake in the town for being a Lollard and heretic. From the 17th century Chesham was a focus for those dissenting from mainstream religion. Quakers met in the late 17th century in Chesham and in 1798 they built the current meeting house. The first Baptists’ meeting dates back to about 1640 and a place was registered for services in 1706. The first chapel was opened in 1712, one of many to be built for the various Baptist groups during the 18th and 19th centuries. John Wesley preached in Chesham in the 1760s and a Wesleyan Methodist society existed in the town. In more recent time a Wesleyan Methodist chapel was opened in 1897. The Christian Brethren which date back in Chesham to 1876, opened their Gospel Hall in 1895, which closed in December 2008. Broadway Baptist church had branches at the Vale, Hawridge, Ashley Green and Chartridge, only the one at Chartridge survives. Trinity Baptist church had branches at Hyde Heath, Ley Hill and Whelpley Hill, only the one at Hyde Heath survives. The Congregational Church had branches at Asheridge and Pond Park.

The primary industries of the town in medievaltimes were flour production, woodworking and weaving of wool. There were four mills built along the Chess which was diverted to generate sufficient power. Surplus flour was supplied to London. The number of clothworkers, including spinners and those associated with dying (fullers), grew rapidly between 1530 and 1730 and became the major industry in the town prior to a period of rapid decline. Between 1740 to 1798 mills were converted to produce paper (pulp) responding to London’s insatiable demand for paper. However, technological developments in paper-making elsewhere rendered the mills unprofitable and they reverted to flour production in the 1850s.

New industries emerged from the 16th century onwards. The woodlands had been a source of firewood for London during the mediaeval period. A small-scale woodenware industry; making shovels, brooms, spoons and chairs, began around 1538 and its expansion was accompanied by the planting of beechwoods between 17th and 19th centuries. Straw plaiting was seen as home-based work for the wives and daughters of labourers from the 18th century. Straw was also imported from Italy to produce the superior ‘Tuscan plait’ traded at a Saturday market for the Luton and Dunstablehat trade and remained the major cottage industry until around 1860, providing employment for women and girls some of whom attended a ‘plait-school’ in Waterside. Lace making developed in the 16th century as a cottage industry and was valued for its quality. Chesham specialised in black lace. The industry declined in the 1850s due to mechinisation in Nottingham. Between 1838 and 1864 silk-spinning, powered by a steam-driven mill in Waterside was started to make use of unemployed lace workers. This trend was relatively short-lived as changes in fashion and the growth of the railways resulted in competition from elsewhere for the valuable London markets. However one exception was the firm of George Tutill, which specialised in high-quality banners and was responsible for three-quarters of those made for trade unions. The firm is still a going concern still specialising in flags and banners.

Three of the four Bs that have shaped Chesham’s history relate to its industries. Brush making was introduced around 1829 to make use of the off-cuts from woodworking. Boot and shoe making which started as a cottage industry later expanding through small workshops thrived following the opening of tanneries around 1792 which also supplied leather for saddle making and glove. By the mid-19th century both brushmaking and footwear manufacture became major industries in the town with production concentrated in large factories. The industry declined in the early-20th century as the market for heavy boots declined. Beer brewing grew rapidly around the town centre in the 19th century again declining at the start of the 20th century. These traditional industries were succeeded by smaller but more commercial enterprises which took advantage of the available skilled labour. For example, in 1908 the Chiltern Toy Works was opened by Joseph Eisenmann on Bellingdon Road, later moving to the ‘new’ industrial estate in Waterside, making high quality teddy bears. The works finally closed in 1960. Post Second World War industry has ranged from the manufacture of glue (Industrial Adhesives) to aluminium-based packaging (Alcan), Aluminium Castings & Bronze Castings (Draycast Foundries Limited) and balloons (B-Loony).

Social History

A Chesham workhouse for 90 paupers was operating in Germain Street as early as 1777. New legislation transferred the control of the Chesham institution to Amersham Poor Law Union in 1835. However, there were long-standing rivalries between the locals of both towns and in July that year violence broke out when an order was given to remove the paupers to Amersham. The Riot Act was read out to an angry crowd of 500 and arrests followed.

Publicly funded education started with the opening of a British School in 1825 followed by a National School in 1845, an Infants’ School in 1851 and the first Elementary School for girls in 1864. Chesham Building Society, opened for business in 1845 and continued to operate until June 2010 when it was taken over by the Skipton Building Society. Other public institutions also started at this time with the Fire Brigade coming in 1846, the first cemetery in 1858 and the Police Station built in 1861.

Chesham cottage hospital, built for £865 17s 11d on land provided by Lord Chesham, opened in October 1869 and just ahead of an outbreak of typhoid in 1871. Despite a local campaign to save the hospital it closed in 2005. In September 2010 the derelict hospital building was severely damaged by fire caused by arsonists according to police reports. The Council commissioned a waterworks to be built in 1875 in Alma Road and mains drainage in the town and a sewage works was opened adjacent to the Chess, downstream in 1887. A gasworks was constructed on the southern part of the town in 1847. Bathing in the Chess at Waterside was an old tradition which became increasingly popular in the 19th century. Complaints that it had become a nuisance led to the Urban District Council surrounding the site with a concrete wall. This further increased its popularity and an open-air pool was built by the council in 1912.

Transport connections have always come late to the town. The Metropolitan Railwayeventually reached Chesham in July 1889. Electrification was not to come until the 1960s. Between the two world wars and in the 1950s and 60s there was much expansion in the town with new public housing developments along the Missenden Road, at Pond Park and at Botley.

The first public viewings of cinema films in Chesham were provided by travelling showmen around 1900 and attracted large crowds. The first purpose-built cinema, The Empire Picture Hall, opened in Station Road in 1912 and in 1914 The Chesham Palace started up in The Broadway. Both showed silent films. By 1920 the Empire had closed. In 1930 the Chesham Palace was refurbished to show the new ‘talkies’ and reopened as The Astoria which remained in business until 1959 when the arrival of television forced it to close. The Embassy in Germain Street opened in 1935 and survived until 1982, closing due to competition from cinemas in nearby towns. The Elgiva Theatre, completed in 1976 beside St Mary’s Way, was equipped to show films and on moving to a new site just across the road in 1998 state of the art projection equipment was installed in the new theatre (see image below).

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesham

Posted by PaChambers on 2016-04-23 17:12:29

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